TREN

See your contract’s weak clause before you sign.

For the contracts managers, in-house counsel and project owners who sign FIDIC and public-procurement contracts. Every contract is a load-bearing structure; Valeur finds the weak member before signature — not after a dispute begins. Under FIDIC 20.1/20.2 the notice window is 28 days from awareness; when it closes, your claim is time-barred.

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SOLVER TRACE
A-01 / COST
The problem today · The outcome with Valeur

A contract clause shows its price on site. Valeur works it out at the signing table.

A bridge opens to traffic only after a load test. A contract, by contrast, carries millions of dollars of load every single day untested — until one clause gives way, at the worst possible moment. Valeur runs that test before signature.

Clause
Load-bearing memberEvery provision is a section carrying cash, programme and entitlement.
Risk
Stress concentrationWeak wording is where stress accumulates — that is where the failure begins.
Signature
Striking the falseworkOnce signed, the structure has to stand on its own.
Tested on siteSIGNATURE → SITE
01Scattered documents. Main contract, appendices and revisions sit in different folders; nobody sees the whole.
02Risk seen too late. LD, payment and notice clauses get read only once trouble starts on site.
03Broken decision chain. Legal’s note sits in one file, finance’s range in another model, the board’s decision in a third document.
Valeur load testSIMULATION → SIGNATURE
01Early visibility. The clause graph is built while the contract is still on the signing table; the weak member is flagged in advance.
02A defined exposure. A range instead of a single-point number: scenario, assumption and cash impact read together.
03A defensible decision. The Signature Gate arrives with an evidence file; the decision stands up in the audit trail.
−$2.1M
Cash delta of a single clause
14 days
Missed notice window
38%
Erosion of claim strength

Every figure in this band is sample analysis output · simulation

SECTOR FINDING

Nine out of ten such projects have cost overruns.

Bent Flyvbjerg · Project Management Journal 45(2) · 2014. The paper gives no sample size, so this page does not say how many projects were counted.

WHAT VALEUR DOES

Valeur makes no claim on that figure. Valeur changes what you hold on signature day: every notice obligation in the contract becomes a dated calendar line, and every clause becomes an assessment with its source printed on it.

The unfinished concrete frame of a large building seen from above, slabs and columns repeating to the edge of the frame.
UNFINISHED CONCRETE FRAME
A-02 / DECISION LAYER
Decision layer

Legal, finance and operations look at the same contract through different windows. Valeur aligns all three on a single decision surface.

What the revision changed

When the other side sends a new draft, the text diff is converted into decision impact: which sentence moved which range.

A range, not one number

Instead of a single-point estimate, the range, the scenarios and the assumptions sit on one card — every number arrives with the ground it rests on.

The signal coming from site

The daily record from site drops straight into the claim file as evidence; the gap between site and contract closes.

Who sees what

Tenant isolation, role-based views and the audit trail are on by default.

A four-step decision line instead of a long consultancy cycle.

A contract’s price is usually learned late. Teams see where it costs them at the moment the clause bites: after the notice day has passed, after the delay has taken root, after the counterparty has taken its position. The four steps and five functions below put the same knowledge on the table before signature.

STEP 01

Upload

Main contract, appendices, specifications and revisions are brought into a single tenant space.

PDF·DOCXMULTILINGUALVERSIONING
STEP 02

Analyse

The clause graph is extracted: parties, obligations, dates and cross-references are linked.

CLAUSE GRAPHFIDIC DIFFGOVERNING LAW
STEP 03

Attack

The counterparty rehearsal and the scenario simulation keep pressing on the structure; every point that breaks becomes a finding with its assumptions written next to it.

COUNTERPARTY PROFILEASSUMPTION LEDGERSCENARIO BAND
STEP 04

Bring to the gate

The Signature Gate decision comes with an evidence file: findings, range, recommendation and audit trail.

GATE A/B/CEVIDENCE FILEAUDIT TRAIL
Five functions

Under steps 02 and 03 sit five separate functions.

The contract’s notice obligations are written into the project’s own calendar. The 23 clauses of the FIDIC 2017 Red Book list arrive with whether they carry a time bar and who the notice goes to. When an event is logged the last day is computed and its basis is printed; where a clause carries no fixed period the claim is anchored to the 20.1 time bar. Every obligation rests in one of four urgency bands.

The time, programme and notice card →

The simulation that plays out delay and dispute scenarios before signature — sold under the name Quantum Foresight — turns the project’s drivers into probability bands, produced by a 10,000-iteration Monte Carlo run. Each driver carries the origin of its input as one of three values: real project data, an evidenced record, an assumption. Headline bands are computed from the first two; assumption-labelled drivers are listed in their own section under their own label.

Provenance labels →

The dispute is played as a three-stage ladder: direct negotiation, mediation/DAAB, arbitration. The size in dispute is resolved first from the contract’s real numbers; where an estimate is supplied the result returns under an assumed label. Every assumption used is listed with its value in an open ledger.

The dispute model →

13 FIDIC clause topics are treated separately across 4 legal traditions; in the legal-tradition mapping table, 46 countries are bound to one of those four. Each answer carries the assessment, the procedural steps, the 1999 and 2017 clause references, and the source name with its link. Under each answer sits a mandatory record: the output is an assessment framework and the final decision belongs to counsel.

Jurisdiction and disclaimer →

Every reviewed and approved rule is tested against all clauses on each subsequent upload and rescan. The test is deterministic: the rule’s detection hint is sought as a case-folded substring of the clause text. This layer stays deterministic end to end; the model reading is a separate layer and the two appear under separate stamps.

The signature library →
A-03 / DISPUTE SIMULATION
Dispute Simulation

If this goes to dispute, where does the other side stop? Valeur plays it out before you sign.

A dispute’s cost grows along two arms. One is preparing the claim; the other is the time your money spends tied up. The outcome usually favours not the side with the best legal argument, but the side that worked out in advance how the other will behave at each stage. Valeur plays the dispute as a three-stage ladder — direct negotiation, mediation/DAAB, arbitration — and labels every number it uses with where it came from: evidence resolved from your contract, or an assumption stated in the open.

ASSUMED
Settlement propensity
How far the other side leans to settling at the table rather than escalating. The default sits at the midpoint and is overridden by the negotiating team’s own read.
ASSUMED
Decision consistency
The other side plays its best move only some of the time. This parameter sets how consistently it plays; lower it and the model assumes a more erratic opposite number.
ASSUMED
Risk attitude
Whether the other side is drawn to or repelled by an uncertain outcome. The default is neutral; a risk-averse Employer settles early, a risk-seeking one goes to arbitration.
ASSUMED
Dispute cost tolerance
How much dispute cost the other side will carry before it folds. A high-tolerance counterparty takes you all the way to the last rung.
ASSUMED
The escalation ladder
From correspondence to the dispute board and from the board to arbitration: each rung carries its own cost and its own delay. Those values ship as defaults and are replaced with your own figures.
EVIDENCED
Where the disputed amount comes from
The disputed amount is either derived from your contract — the extension-of-time claim multiplied by the delay-damages rate written into it — or entered explicitly as an assumption. The board opens on one of those two sources and states on its face which one.
ESCALATION VIEWDETERMINISTIC SOLVE · REPEATABLE
SOLVER TRACE · SAMPLE00:00:00
SECTOR FINDING

The average value of disputes in North America was $60.1 million. In 2024 the average time to resolve a construction dispute was 12.5 months.

Arcadis · 15th Annual Construction Disputes Report — North America · 2025. The scope is North America only. The value here is the amount a party claimed, not money lost. The clock starts when the claim is formally submitted.

WHAT VALEUR DOES

Those two figures are sector averages; they are not your file’s value, and Valeur makes no claim to shrink them. What Valeur does is resolve your file’s size from the contract’s real numbers and play the three-stage ladder on that size.

Not a single forecast but a fan of scenarios. Move the cursor; read the range for any month.

Delay is argued in days and paid in money. That is why it stays in dispute longest. Each side does the day-to-money conversion in its own favour, and what the table cannot agree on is usually not the delay itself but its price. The simulation that plays out delay and dispute scenarios before signature — sold under the name Quantum Foresight — runs ten thousand walks, moving the contract parameters one at a time, and prints under each driver whether its input was real project data, an evidenced record, or an assumption. The cone below draws 64 of those walks over 24 months: steel-blue P10–P90 band, gold median, vermilion worst-case trace.

P10–P90 band P50 median Worst-case trace SAMPLE OUTPUT · 64 WALKS DRAWN · SIMULATION
SECTOR FINDING

On average, a one-year delay correlates with a 4.64-point increase in percentage cost overrun.

Bent Flyvbjerg · Project Management Journal 45(2) · 2014. The source’s own language sets up a correlation, not a cause.

WHAT VALEUR DOES

Valeur promises you no such coefficient; that is a published finding about how delay turns into money across the sector. What Valeur does is turn your project’s own delay drivers into probability bands, and print under each band the data it came from.

A view along the deck of a steel truss bridge: identical joints and diagonals repeating towards the horizon, the road empty.
STEEL TRUSS BRIDGE
A-04 / CONTRACT AND SITE
Contract Management

Which clause costs you what — on one screen, with the evidence.

C-01

Clause Analysis

Clause, party, governing law and wording differences in one context; the cross-reference chain is visible.

C-02

Risk Engine

Every finding is tied back to its driving clause with the notice window beside it, so a time bar becomes visible before it expires.

C-03

Financial Impact

A clause change is converted into a cash impact: a set of scenarios, with the assumptions behind them.

C-04

Revision Delta

When the counterparty’s draft lands, what gets reported is the commercial delta.

C-05

Signature Gate

The GATE decision comes with an evidence file: management sees what was signed and why, in the audit trail.

VALEUR · EPC-2026-007 · REV C
CL-20.1Claim notice — 28 days from awarenessEVIDENCED28 DAYS
CL-15.5Employer may terminate at will — one-sidedENGINE READCONF. 0.90
CL-16.2Contractor’s right of termination — symmetry checkENGINE READCONF. 0.78
CL-14.3Interim payment — certified minus paidEVIDENCED5% RETENTION
CL-8.4Weather-driven time loss — P50 / P80 / P95EVIDENCED10 YR DATA
CL-11.1Defects notification period — clause sweepSWEEP40 CLAUSES
SAMPLE OUTPUT · EVERY FINDING TIED TO ITS DRIVING CLAUSE AND EVIDENCEGATE-B · FURTHER REVIEW
SECTOR FINDING

Workers spend more than 14 hours a week looking for project information, resolving disputes and correcting errors; 5.5 of those hours go to searching for project data alone.

PlanGrid & FMI · Construction Disconnected · 2018. A self-reported survey of 599 respondents, sponsored by PlanGrid, a construction software firm.

WHAT VALEUR DOES

Those hours are the sector’s own reporting; Valeur makes no claim to reduce them. What Valeur does is make a judgement permanent, and apply the same rule the same way on every scan that follows.

Construction ManagementIN DEVELOPMENT

From contract to site and site to contract: one spine, both directions.

A subcontract template is produced in-house, used once, and then becomes everyone’s starting point. A template that circulates ahead of its review multiplies the same risk across dozens of files through a single clause — and it is the slowest kind of loss to notice. Contract Management governs what was signed; Construction Management governs how the signed contract lives on site. Both halves are built on the same data spine.

SECTOR FINDING

Only 31% of all respondents’ projects came within 10% of budget in the past three years.

KPMG International · Climbing the Curve — Global Construction Project Owner’s Survey · 2015. A self-reported owner survey of executives at more than a hundred organisations; the report is dated 2015.

WHAT VALEUR DOES

Valeur makes no claim on that ratio. What Valeur does is bind the production decision for your own templates to a measurable review state, and re-read that state on every call.

A-05 / ROLES
Roles

Six teams, six questions, one contract. Valeur answers all six from one clause–risk–cash spine.

The one-page truth. For every contract in the portfolio: the range, the gate status and the three largest drivers — each one tied to an evidence file. The signature decision reaches the board as a defensible package.

The one who lives the clause. Clause graph, notice windows and revision delta on one screen; as a time bar approaches, the system raises the alarm before the Contracts Manager does.

Guardian of the margin. Claim strength, variation orders and the cash range in one narrative; the scenario engine shows which negotiating move moved the range by how many millions.

Engineer of the wording. Every gap the stress test breaks open arrives together with alternative clause language; legal moves risk from opinion to evidence.

Owner of the range. A P10–P90 cash band instead of a single-point forecast, with escalation and FX sensitivity; the CFO walks into the financing meeting with a scenario set.

The signal from site. Daily reports and evidence capture feed claim strength directly; site sees what the contract requires, with the clause reference.

The underside of a process plant seen from the floor: concrete soffit, steel stairs and a cylindrical vessel with its access platform.
PROCESS PLANT INTERIOR
A-06 / SECTORS
Sectors

Contract exposure is largest in EPC. Valeur starts there; the clause–risk–cash spine is the same at every scale.

Why we start with EPC

This is where a single contract carries the highest load: FIDIC-based, multi-jurisdiction, ten-year commitments. The value of a load test is clearest at this table.

The narrative adapts to the sector

The site and product language shifts with the main line of work, the sub-sector and that sector’s critical pressure — supply and FX in solar, expropriation and permits in metro, power commitment in data centres.

The same spine at every scale

From a residential contractor to a multinational petrochemical Employer, the same clause–risk–cash spine; only the module set and the depth change.

These four are set out on their own pages, each with its own pressure.

  • Offshore Oil & Gas Construction

    LOGIC and EPCI ground: metocean-driven extensions of time, vessel availability, and SURF-to-topside interface claims.

    The sector page →
  • Mining Construction

    EPCM and Silver Book ground: the geotechnical report against actual ground, process capacity guarantees, and shaft advance rate.

    The sector page →
  • Nuclear Construction

    Heavily amended EPC ground: regulatory approval delay, NQA-1 compliance, and the nonconformance notification chain.

    The sector page →
  • Tunnel & Underground Construction

    Emerald and NEC4 ground: the GBR against actual ground, TBM advance productivity, and dewatering cost from water ingress.

    The sector page →
A-07 / QUESTIONS
The questions left

Seven questions to ask before you buy contract analysis.

Is my contract read by AI?

There are two readings and they stay apart on screen. The first is the model reading: it assesses the clause text on four dimensions and arrives under its own stamp. The second is the reviewed-rule scan: the detection hint of a rule your legal team approved is sought as a case-folded substring of the clause text, producing a record on an exact hit. That second layer contains no model call. Each record is stamped with the reading it came from, so you never have to guess which is which.

Can I sign a contract on this output?

The output is an assessment framework and it says so on itself. Every answer from the legal knowledge base carries a mandatory record: the legal outcome depends on the concrete facts, the governing law and the tribunal, and the final decision requires qualified counsel. Reviewed-rule hits carry their verification status openly too: the record states that it comes from the library and remains open to lawyer confirmation. Valeur’s job is to put a sourced, traceable framework in front of your counsel.

How real is the forecast number on screen?

Every driver of the forecast carries the origin of its input as one of three values: this project’s real data, an evidenced record, or an assumption. Headline bands are computed from the first two only. Assumption-labelled drivers sit outside the headline, in their own section, under their own label. So you read separately which part of the number rests on measurement and which on assumption - you take that split on the evidence, not on trust.

Where do the behavioural assumptions in the counterparty rehearsal come from?

Every parameter of the counterparty profile is marked as an assumption, and the defaults are defined as illustrative. Each assumption used is listed with its value and origin in an assumptions ledger. The module’s own note says to calibrate against your real dispute data before relying on it. The size in dispute is left to no assumption: where possible it is resolved from the contract’s real numbers and returns under an evidenced label; with no basis for it, the field stays empty rather than invented.

How many countries do you cover?

There is no single true answer, so we tell you exactly what we counted. Our legal-tradition mapping table holds 46 countries, each bound to one of four traditions: 23 civil law, 12 common law, 10 GCC civil law, 1 mixed. The assessment is produced through the tradition a country belongs to, so a country’s answer is as detailed as that clause-tradition cell. A country-specific note is defined for the United Arab Emirates and covers the onshore/offshore distinction.

If I scan the same contract twice, do I get the same result?

For the reviewed-rule scan, yes - by definition. A hit is the rule’s detection hint occurring as a case-folded substring in the clause text; the same text and the same library give the same hits. The notice calendar is deterministic in the same way: the last day is the event date plus the clause’s notice period, and the basis of that arithmetic is printed inside the output. The model reading is a separate layer under its own stamp, so you can tell the two apart on screen.

When does subcontract template production open?

When the live state of the review reaches the full programme. The programme is 19 packs; at decision time the gate reads the count of distinct reviewed packs and opens when that count reaches 19. The gate’s answer describes itself: reviewed count, programme size, progress ratio and each pack’s status come back together, so you can see which pack is next. If the read fails, the decision stays on the protective side and the state is logged.

Enterprise architecture
T-01

Tenant isolation

Each client’s data stays in its own space; cross-access is closed off by architecture.

T-02

Role-based views

Legal, finance and site see the same data through their own permission window.

T-03

Audit trail

Every finding, decision and revision is recorded with a timestamp.

T-04

Multiple documents and jurisdictions

Multilingual contract sets and differing governing laws in a single analysis.

T-05

KVKK / GDPR aligned

Data residency and processing are configured to meet enterprise compliance requirements.

A-08 / SIGNATURE GATE
Project
EPC-2026-007
Contract type
EPC · FIDIC SILVER
Revision
REV C
Status
PRE-SIGNATURE

Let us walk your next contract clause by clause, before you sign.

The most expensive clauses are the least read. The closer the signature gets, the truer that becomes. Give us thirty minutes and we will walk a set of clauses from one of your own contracts: what each clause carries, which assumptions the range rests on, and what the Signature Gate puts on the table.

Talk to the team → RESPONSE TIME · 24 HOURS
← VALEUR · HOME SECTORS · SHEET S Talk to the team
Sectors · S-00

One spine, each sector’s own pressure.

The spine is the same in every line of work. Clause, risk and cash run in the same order across the whole construction sector; what changes is that line’s critical pressure, and which clause gives way first. The horizon below is a site where all six lines of work are being built at once.

S-01 · Renewable Energy

Solar and wind: supply and FX are the contract’s weakest member.

PV SiteWindHybrid + StorageGrid Connection
Critical pressure

The panel and turbine procurement window, together with FX, punches straight through the escalation clause; miss the connection date and the penalty and the lost revenue land at the same time.

Valeur adaptation: the connection date and the delay-damages clauses are scanned first. The escalation cap is tested under an FX scenario; when the supply window slips, the penalty and the lost revenue land in one cash range.

PV TRACKING · CONNECTION LINE
S-02 · Power Transmission

HVDC and transmission: expropriation and permits are the load that sets the programme.

HVDC LineSubstationMV/HV NetworkSite Access
Critical pressure

Route expropriation and the permit regime delay access to site; miss the EOT notice and the extension of time entitlement falls away.

Valeur adaptation: permit and site-access conditions are tied to the programme assumption together with their notice windows. The day an extension-of-time right lapses is visible before the claim file is opened.

TRANSMISSION LINE · LIVE CURRENT
S-03 · Process and Power Plant

LNG and process: performance testing and licensing are the threshold of acceptance.

LNG / GasRefineryPetrochemicalLicensed Technology
Critical pressure

Performance guarantees and the technology licence are tied to the acceptance criteria; a single testing clause can suspend the entire payment certificate.

Valeur adaptation: acceptance criteria, performance testing and cover-scope clauses are read together. Where a single test clause can suspend a payment application, that power is pulled out of the clause text and shown.

PROCESS LINE · FLOW
S-04 · Water and Environment

Water and treatment: flow guarantees and the operating undertaking are the long tail.

Potable WaterWastewaterDesalinationOperate-Transfer
Critical pressure

Capacity and effluent-quality guarantees stretch across years; the operating-period undertaking determines post-construction cash flow.

Valeur adaptation: guarantee and operating-period clauses are converted into a multi-year cash range. Not a single forecast, but a range where the good, middle and bad cases are visible at once.

TREATMENT BASINS · FLOW
S-05 · Transport and Infrastructure

Metro and rail: ground risk and expropriation are the surprise in the excavation.

Metro / TBMRailwayBridge / TunnelHighway
Critical pressure

Unforeseen ground conditions and expropriation delay trigger variation orders and extension of time claims; claim strength has to be built clause by clause.

Valeur adaptation: the variation and claim flow comes to the fore; the signal from site flows straight into the claim file as evidence.

TBM ADVANCE · TRACK LAYING
S-06 · Digital Infrastructure

Data centre: power commitment and delivery speed compress the programme.

HyperscaleColocationCooling InfrastructurePower Distribution
Critical pressure

The grid connection commitment and an aggressive delivery schedule; delay damages and long-lead items (generators, cooling) collide on the critical path.

Valeur adaptation: delivery milestones and power-commitment clauses are tied to the critical path. When a long-lead item slips, which penalty starts running on which day appears on one screen.

RACK FILL · COOLING
Entry wedge

Why we start with the EPC megaproject.

All six lines of work above run on the same spine; but the load carried by a single contract is highest at the EPC table: FIDIC-based, multi-jurisdiction, ten-year commitments. This is where the value of a load test is proven most clearly — and the same spine then scales from a residential contractor up to a multinational EPC Employer. Only the module set and the depth change.

Let us walk through a set of clauses from a contract in your own sector.